Before his term as a U.S. senator, Hayne had served as a state senator, a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, South Carolina's Speaker of the House, and Attorney General of South Carolina. . If an inquiry should ever be instituted in these matters, however, it will be found that the profits of the slave trade were not confined to the South. [2] We deal in no abstractions. This feeling, always carefully kept alive, and maintained at too intense a heat to admit discrimination or reflection, is a lever of great power in our political machine. Hayne was a great orator, filled with fiery passion and eloquent prose. Having thus distinctly stated the points in dispute between the gentleman and myself, I proceed to examine them. What followed, the Webster Hayne debate, was one of the most famous exchanges in Senate history. Sir, I may be singularperhaps I stand alone here in the opinion, but it is one I have long entertained, that one of the greatest safeguards of liberty is a jealous watchfulness on the part of the people, over the collection and expenditure of the public moneya watchfulness that can only be secured where the money is drawn by taxation directly from the pockets of the people. Judiciary Act of 1801 | Overview, History & Significance, General Ulysses S. Grant Takes Charge: His Strategic Plan for Ending the War. . . Webster-Hayne Debate by Stefan M. Brooks Those who would confine the federal government strictly within the limits prescribed by the Constitutionwho would preserve to the states and the people all powers not expressly delegatedwho would make this a federal and not a national Unionand who, administering the government in a spirit of equal justice, would make it a blessing and not a curse. For one, Hayne and Webster were arguing for the fate of the West and, in particular, whether the North or South would control western development. It was motivated by a dispute over the continued sale of western lands, an important source of revenue for the federal government. If these opinions be thought doubtful, they are, nevertheless, I trust, neither extraordinary nor disrespectful. Drama, suspense, it's all there. Next, the Union was held up to view in all its strength, symmetry, and integrity, reposing in the ark of the Constitution, no longer an experiment, as in the days when Hamilton and Jefferson contended for shaping its course, but ordained and established by and for the people, to secure the blessings of liberty to all posterity. It is only regarded as a possible means of good; or on the other hand, as a possible means of evil. Excerpts from Ratification Documents of Virginia a Ratifying Conventions>New York Ratifying Convention. The Webster-Hayne Debate | Hopkins Press . The Destiny of America, Speech at the Dedication o An Address. He was dressed with scrupulous care, in a blue coat with metal buttons, a buff vest rounding over his full abdomen, and his neck encircled with a white cravat. we find the most opposite and irreconcilable opinions between the two parties which I have before described. Webster's articulation of the concept of the Union went on to shape American attitudes about the federal government. The 1830 Webster-Hayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism. . Religious Views: Letter to the Editor of the Illin Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Douglas Faction), (Northern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. Mr. Webster arose, and, in conclusion, said: A few words, Mr. President, on this constitutional argument, which the honorable gentleman has labored to reconstruct. The main issue of the Webster-Hayne Debate was the nature of the country that had been created by the Constitution. Webster rose the next day in his seat to make his reply. . But, sir, the task has been forced upon me, and I proceed right onward to the performance of my duty; be the consequences what they may, the responsibility is with those who have imposed upon me this necessity. The honorable member himself is not, I trust, and can never be, one of these. Address to the Slaves of the United States. Van Buren responded to the Panic of 1837 with the idea of the independent treasury, which was a. a system of depositing money in select independent banks . 136 lessons . Sir, when the gentleman provokes me to such a conflict, I meet him at the threshold. For all this, there was not the slightest foundation, in anything said or intimated by me. . Historians love a good debate. The United States, under the Constitution and federal government, was a single, unified nation, not a coalition of sovereign states. Massachusetts Senator Daniel Webster's "Second Reply" to South Carolina Senator Robert Y. Hayne has long been thought of as a great oratorical celebration of American Nationalism in a period of sectional conflict. What was going on? . The debates between daniel webster of massachusetts and robert hayne of south carolina gave. . Connecticut's proposal was an attempt to slow the growth of the nation, control westward expansion, and bolster the federal government's revenue. Speech on Assuming Office of the President. Wilmot Proviso of 1846: Overview & Significance | What was the Wilmot Proviso? Sir, there does not exist, on the face of the whole earth, a population so poor, so wretched, so vile, so loathsome, so utterly destitute of all the comforts, conveniences, and decencies of life, as the unfortunate blacks of Philadelphia, and New York, and Boston. Who doesn't? Chris has a master's degree in history and teaches at the University of Northern Colorado. I deem far otherwise of the Union of the states; and so did the Framers of the Constitution themselves. . . . We see its consequences at this moment, and we shall never cease to see them, perhaps, while the Ohio shall flow. But until they shall alter it, it must stand as their will, and is equally binding on the general government and on the states. Consolidation, like the tariff, grates upon his ear. . Sir, I will not stop at the border; I will carry the war into the enemys territory, and not consent to lay down my arms, until I shall have obtained indemnity for the past, and security for the future.[4] It is with unfeigned reluctance that I enter upon the performance of this part of my duty. . Regional Conflict in America: Debate Over States' Rights. Why? But I do not admit that, under the Constitution, and in conformity with it, there is any mode in which a state government, as a member of the Union, can interfere and stop the progress of the general government, by force of her own laws, under any circumstances whatever. What can I say? The taxes paid by foreign nations to export American cotton, for example, generated lots of money for the government. Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality: The American Anti-Slavery Society, Declaration of Sent Constitution of the American Anti-Slavery Society, Appeal to the Christian Women of the South, Protest in Illinois Legislature on Slavery. Under the circumstances then existing, I look upon this original and seasonable provision, as a real good attained. Edited and introduced by Jason W. Stevens. We look upon the states, not as separated, but as united. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Overview, Impact & Significance, Public Speaking for Teachers: Professional Development, AEPA Earth Science (AZ045): Practice & Study Guide, ORELA Early Childhood Education: Practice & Study Guide, Praxis Middle School English Language Arts (5047) Prep, MTLE Physical Education: Practice & Study Guide, ILTS Mathematics (208): Test Practice and Study Guide, MTLE Earth & Space Science: Practice & Study Guide, AEPA Business Education (NT309): Help & Review, Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Examination (CPCE): Exam Prep & Study Guide, GACE Special Education Adapted Curriculum Test I (083) Prep, GACE Special Education Adapted Curriculum Test II (084) Prep, Create an account to start this course today. . Ham, one of Noahs sons, saw him uncovered, for which Noah cursed him by making Hams son, Canaan, a slave to Ham's brothers. The people of the United States have declared that this Constitution shall be the Supreme Law. In this regard, Webster anticipated an argument that Abraham Lincoln made in his First Inaugural Address (1861). Webster believed that the Constitution should be viewed as a binding document between the United States rather than an agreement between sovereign states. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you She has worked as a university writing consultant for over three years. . - Women's Rights Facts & Significance, Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points: Definition, Speech & Summary, Fireside Chats: Definition & Significance, JFK's New Frontier: Definition, Speech & Program. First, New England was vindicated. I know that there are some persons in the part of the country from which the honorable member comes, who habitually speak of the Union in terms of indifference, or even of disparagement. Francis O. J. Smith to Secretary of State Dan Special Message to the House of Representatives, Special Message to Congress on Mexican Relations. In contrasting the state of Ohio with Kentucky, for the purpose of pointing out the superiority of the former, and of attributing that superiority to the existence of slavery, in the one state, and its absence in the other, I thought I could discern the very spirit of the Missouri question[1] intruded into this debate, for objects best known to the gentleman himself. . But his reply was gathered from the choicest arguments and the most decadent thoughts that had long floated through his brain while this crisis was gathering; and bringing these materials together in a lucid and compact shape, he calmly composed and delivered before another crowded and breathless auditory a speech full of burning passages, which will live as long as the American Union, and the grandest effort of his life. . Competing Conceptions of Union and Ordered Liberty in They attack nobody, and menace nobody. He tells us, we have heard much, of late, about consolidation; that it is the rallying word for all who are endeavoring to weaken the Union by adding to the power of the states. But consolidation, says the gentleman, was the very object for which the Union was formed; and in support of that opinion, he read a passage from the address of the president of the Convention[3] to Congress (which he assumes to be authority on his side of the question.) Address before the Wisconsin State Agricultural So "The Whole Affair Seems the Work of a Madman", John Brown and the Principle of Nonresistance. Ah! They have agreed, that certain specific powers shall be exercised by the federal government; but the moment that government steps beyond the limits of its charter, the right of the states to interpose for arresting the progress of the evil, and for maintaining within their respective limits the authorities, rights, and liberties, appertaining to them,[7] is as full and complete as it was before the Constitution was formed. If the federal government, in all or any of its departments, are to prescribe the limits of its own authority; and the states are bound to submit to the decision, and are not to be allowed to examine and decide for themselves, when the barriers of the Constitution shall be overleaped, this is practically a government without limitation of powers; the states are at once reduced to mere petty corporations, and the people are entirely at your mercy. He must say to his followers [members of the state militia], defend yourselves with your bayonets; and this is warcivil war. . Why was the Hayne-Webster debate important? - eNotes.com In our contemplation, Carolina and Ohio are parts of the same country; states, united under the same general government, having interests, common, associated, intermingled. I said, only, that it was highly wise and useful in legislating for the northwestern country, while it was yet a wilderness, to prohibit the introduction of slaves: and added, that I presumed, in the neighboring state of Kentucky, there was no reflecting and intelligent gentleman, who would doubt, that if the same prohibition had been extended, at the same early period, over that commonwealth, her strength and population would, at this day, have been far greater than they are. Hayne quotes from the Virginia Resolution (1798), authored by Thomas Jefferson, to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798). While the Union lasts, we have high, exciting, gratifying prospects spread out before us, for us and our children. The measures of the federal government have, it is true, prostrated her interests, and will soon involve the whole South in irretrievable ruin. Allow me to say, as a preliminary remark, that I call this the South Carolina doctrine, only because the gentleman himself has so denominated it. He must cut it with his sword. Webster and the North treated it as binding the states together as a single union. The honorable gentleman from Massachusetts [Senator Daniel Webster] has gone out of his way to pass a high eulogium on the state of Ohio. Let their last feeble and lingering glance, rather behold the gorgeous Ensign of the Republic, now known and honored throughout the earth, still full high advanced, its arms and trophies streaming in their original luster, not a stripe erased or polluted, nor a single star obscuredbearing for its motto, no such miserable interrogatory as, what is all this worth? But, the simple expression of this sentiment has led the gentleman, not only into a labored defense of slavery, in the abstract, and on principle, but, also, into a warm accusation against me, as having attacked the system of domestic slavery, now existing in the Southern states. . And what has been the consequence? I regard domestic slavery as one of the greatest of evils, both moral and political. They tell us, in the letter submitting the Constitution to the consideration of the country, that, in all our deliberations on this subject, we kept steadily in our view that which appears to us the greatest interest of every true Americanthe consolidation of our Unionin which is involved our prosperity, felicity, safety; perhaps our national existence. It is worth noting that in the course of the debate, on the very floor of the Senate, both Hayne and Webster raised the specter of civil war 30 years before it commenced. The 1830 WebsterHayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism. It develops the gentlemans whole political system; and its answer expounds mine. We do not impose geographical limits to our patriotic feeling or regard; we do not follow rivers and mountains, and lines of latitude, to find boundaries, beyond which public improvements do not benefit us. Hayne maintained that the states retained the authority to nullify federal law, Webster that federal law expressed the will of the American people and could not be nullified by a minority of the people in a state. This is a delicate and sensitive point, in southern feeling; and of late years it has always been touched, and generally with effect, whenever the object has been to unite the whole South against northern men, or northern measures. An accomplished politician, Hayne was an eloquent orator who enthralled his audiences. . . Then he began his speech, his words flowing on so completely at command that a fellow senator who heard him likened his elocution to the steady flow of molten gold. . The Significance of the Frontier in American Histo South Carolinas Ordinance of Nullification. We found that we had to deal with a people whose physical, moral, and intellectual habits and character, totally disqualified them from the enjoyment of the blessings of freedom. Sir, I am one of those who believe that the very life of our system is the independence of the states, and that there is no evil more to be deprecated than the consolidation of this government. That led into a debate on the economy, in which Webster attacked the institution of slavery and Hayne labeled the policy of protectionist tariffs as the consolidation of a strong central government, which he called the greatest of evils. . . It is the servant of four-and-twenty masters, of different wills and different purposes, and yet bound to obey all. . . It is the common pretense. These verses recount the first occurrence of slavery. . . Though Webster made an impassioned argument, the political, social, and economic traditions of New England informed his ideas about the threatened nation. I propose to consider it, and to compare it with the Constitution. What idea was espoused with the Webster-Hayne debates? . Mr. Hayne having rejoined to Mr. Webster, especially on the constitutional question. Robert Young Hayne, (born Nov. 10, 1791, Colleton District, S.C., U.S.died Sept. 24, 1839, Asheville, N.C.), American lawyer, political leader, and spokesman for the South, best-remembered for his debate with Daniel Webster (1830), in which he set forth a doctrine of nullification. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. . . Finding our lot cast among a people, whom God had manifestly committed to our care, we did not sit down to speculate on abstract questions of theoretical liberty. They will also better understand the debate's political context. Some of his historical deductions may be questioned; but far above all possible error on the part of her leaders, stood colonial and Revolutionary New England, and the sturdy, intelligent, and thriving people whose loyalty to the Union had never failed, and whose home, should ill befall the nation, would yet prove liberty's last shelter.
J'ai Gueri Du Diabete Type 1,
Tlc Fingerprint Appointment,
Articles W