It is sweet and high in nutritional value. Moreover, it also helps to increase productivity and improve agricultural product value. [147][148], Coconut vinegar, made from fermented coconut water or sap, is used extensively in Southeast Asian cuisine (notably the Philippines, where it is known as sukang tuba), as well as in some cuisines of India and Sri Lanka, especially Goan cuisine. Why is coconut called the Tree of Life? Especially immature coconuts (6 to 8 months from flowering) sold for coconut water and softer jelly-like coconut meat (known as "green coconuts", "young coconuts", or "water coconuts"), where the original coloration of the fruit is more aesthetically pleasing. Economic importance The palms with the greatest importance in world commerce are the coconut and the African oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ); both are prime sources of vegetable oil and fat. They grow best near sea level, within 15 degrees of the Equator. Such an origin indicates that the coconuts were not introduced naturally, such as by sea currents. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. C. binoriensis has been claimed by their authors to be the earliest known fossil of Cocos nucifera. On the eve of Choti Holi . [32], Further complicating measures to determine the evolutionary history of Cocos is the genetic diversity present within C. nucifera as well as its relatedness to other palms. The coconut populations in the island show genetic admixture between the two subpopulations indicating that Pacific coconuts were brought by the Austronesian settlers that later interbred with the local Indo-Atlantic coconuts. It was first developed for commercial cultivation in the Philippines and is used widely in Philippine cuisine for desserts, drinks, and pastries. The natural planting, harvesting, and processing of coconuts along with its tropical climate makes for perfect growth conditions of this tropical delicacy. Copyright 2023 Cocoanesia. The husks can be used as flotation devices. [3][4] It has also acquired religious significance in South Asian cultures, where it is used in Hindu rituals. Beneficial Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Lipid Parameters and in Vitro LDL Oxidation. Coconut oil is a "functional food" that is popular in traditional medicine in Asia and used worldwide to treat a wide variety of health problems from abscesses to upset stomachs. [114] CAPB may cause mild skin irritation,[114] but allergic reactions to CAPB are rare[115] and probably related to impurities rendered during the manufacturing process (which include amidoamine and dimethylaminopropylamine) rather than CAPB itself. The various products of Coconut include tender Coconut water, copra, Coconut oil, raw The shells of the coconut can also be used to create charcoal, which has a variety of industrial and domestic uses. Want this question answered? The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. However, the word cocus could also mean "cook" like coquus in Latin,[42] so Linnaeus chose Cocos directly from the Portuguese word coco instead. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk or coconut oil. 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. What are the importance of coconut and its different uses? However, they can be eaten anytime after seven months (1, 2). From here, island-hopping via coral atolls lining the Tethys Sea, potentially boosted by the ocean currents at the time, would have proved crucial to dispersal, eventually allowing ancestral coconuts to reach India. It forms the basis of wedding and worship rituals in Hinduism. The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses.The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. The terms are derived from the Samoan language and was adopted into scientific usage by Harries (1978). Its meat fills the entire interior of the coconut shell, rather than just the inner surfaces. [49], Coconuts can be broadly divided into two fruit types the ancestral niu kafa form with a thick-husked, angular fruit, and the niu vai form with a thin-husked, spherical fruit with a higher proportion of endosperm. [26][27] The vast majority of Cocos-like fossils have been recovered generally from only two regions in the world: New Zealand and west-central India. Lately, civil wars and crop failures have driven up the EU Rotterdam coconut oil price, which has doubled during 2010-2011, nearing $2,000 per tonne, according to the UK Grocer. (1993). Coconut oil is commonly used in cooking, especially for frying. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Sri Lanka established its Coconut Development Authority and Coconut Cultivation Board and Coconut Research Institute in the early British Ceylon period.[109]. In Coco Coir Global, we are honored to be the leading coir substrate manufacturing company with top-grade products that are trusted and confirmed by many customers around the world. The Coconut Research Center describes the nut as rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals with oil comprising mainly medium-chain fatty acids. In many parts of the world, the cultivation and sale of coconuts is a major source of income, especially for those living in rural areas. The UAE has, however, imposed strict laws on mature coconut tree imports from other countries to reduce the spread of pests to other native palm trees, as the mixing of date and coconut trees poses a risk of cross-species palm pests, such as rhinoceros beetles and red palm weevils. In addition to its use as a food, the coconut is also a source of oil, which is used in cooking and in the production of a range of products, including soaps, cosmetics, and candles. Coconut trunks are used for building small bridges and huts; they are preferred for their straightness, strength, and salt resistance. A coco chocolatero was a cup used to serve small quantities of beverages (such as chocolate drinks) between the 17th and 19th centuries in countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, and Venezuela. Because of their soft textures, they are unsuitable for grating. 98% of coconut is grown by more than 10 million resource poor smallholder and sharecropper families, on smallholdings under 4 ha. [26][27][31], Outside of New Zealand and India, only two other regions have reported Cocos-like fossils, namely Australia and Colombia. Although archaeological remains dating back to 1000 to 500BCE also suggest that the Indo-Atlantic coconuts were also later independently cultivated by the Dravidian peoples, only Pacific coconuts show clear signs of domestication traits like dwarf habits, self-pollination, and rounded fruits. What are the economic importance of coconut? This type of root system is known as fibrous or adventitious, and is a characteristic of grass species. He consulted the catalogue Herbarium Amboinense by Georg Eberhard Rumphius where Rumphius said that coccus was a homonym of coccum and coccus from Greek kokkos meaning "grain"[41] or "berry", but Romans identified coccus with "kermes insects"; Rumphius preferred the word cocus as a replacement. Coconuts probably originated somewhere in Indo-Malaya and are one of the most important crops of the tropics. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. Gasa suggested, for lack of paper, delivering by dugout canoe a message inscribed on a husked coconut shell, reading Nauru Isl commander / native knows posit / he can pilot / 11 alive need small boat / Kennedy.[159] This coconut was later kept on the president's desk, and is now in the John F. Kennedy Library. For other uses, see, "Grated coconut" redirects here. The dry husk yields coir, a fibre highly resistant to salt water and used in the manufacture of ropes, mats, baskets, brushes, and brooms. Coconut palms are cultivated north of south Florida to roughly Cocoa Beach on the East Coast and Clearwater on the West Coast. It is the dominant form in the Indo-Atlantic coconuts. Fruit farming has more economic advantages than vegetable farming. [101], Coconut flour has also been developed for use in baking, to combat malnutrition. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. in semiotics from Brown University and completed coursework for an M.A. De-husked coconuts are also easier for consumers to open, but have a shorter postharvest storage life of around two to three weeks at temperatures of 12 to 15C (54 to 59F) or up to 2 months at 0 to 1.5C (32.0 to 34.7F). What Does The Fig Tree Represent In John 1? The fresh kernel includes moisture 45% protein, 4%, fat 37%, minerals 4% and carbohydrates 10%. Coconut withstands conditions considered marginal for many food crops and is a stabilizing factor in the farming systems of fragile environments. Add an answer. Coconut is grown in more than20.88 lakhha in the country with an estimated22167.45 million nuts during 2015-16with an average productivity of10614 nuts per ha. IMPORTANCE OF COCONUT Coconut is the environment friendly small-holder palm of the tropical environment Covering 12.28 million hectares in 90 countries with an annual production of 64.3 billion nuts Coconut provides USD$ 7.73 Billion per annum to global coconut small holders Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. [64], The dwarf coconut cultivars are fully domesticated, in contrast to tall cultivars which display greater diversity in terms of domestication (and lack thereof). [7][8][9] Given proper care and growing conditions, coconut palms produce their first fruit in six to ten years, taking 15 to 20 years to reach peak production. 37(9):830-5, 2004. [28] In west-central India, numerous fossils of Cocos-like fruits, leaves, and stems have been recovered from the Deccan Traps. [89], Determining whether to harvest is also important. The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos. Every day, thousands of coconuts are broken, and some devotees break as many as 108 coconuts at a time as per the prayer. Overall, the coconut fruit is an important economic resource that has a wide range of uses and contributes significantly to local and global economies. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. Palm. The nuts we had in baskets on deck remained edible and capable of germinating the whole way to Polynesia. The coconut palm thrives on sandy soils and is highly tolerant of salinity. On account of this, thepalm has been regarded as Kalpvriksh (Tree of heaven). The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosperm so that it remains soft and this has become the characteristic of the nut. "The potential of the Coconut Industry is huge and benefits are available for parties from all sectors. Sweet coconut sap can be made into drinks or fermented into palm wine or coconut vinegar. Coconut is a plant-based source of saturated fat. They were selected for by the Austronesian peoples for their larger endosperm-to-husk ratio as well as higher coconut water content, making them more useful as food and water reserves for sea voyages. But research on them is still ongoing to determine which of them (if any) actually belong to the genus Cocos. Gatchalian et al 1994 developed a sonometry technique for precisely determining the stage of ripeness of young coconuts. The coconut was a critical food item for the people of Polynesia, and the Polynesians brought it with them as they spread to new islands.[170]. Coconuts are distinct from other fruits because their endosperm contains a large quantity of clear liquid, called coconut water or coconut juice. In the Philippines, this alcoholic drink is called lambanog (historically also called vino de coco in Spanish) or "coconut vodka". [49][18][61], The niu kafa form is the wild ancestral type, with thick husks to protect the seed, an angular, highly ridged shape to promote buoyancy during ocean dispersal, and a pointed base that allowed fruits to dig into the sand, preventing them from being washed away during germination on a new island. [134], Newly germinated coconuts contain a spherical edible mass known as the sprouted coconut or coconut sprout. A single coconut palm may yield 100 coconuts annually, and each coconut requires a year to fully ripen. Stem Aerial, erect, unbranched and columnar, having prominent scars of leaf bases. She earned her B.A. The fruit however was compacted in the fossilization process and it was not possible to determine if it had the diagnostic three pores that characterize members of the tribe Cocoseae. Palm wine is distilled to produce arrack. Nearly one third of the world's population depends on coconut for nutrition and trade. [14][15], The interior of the endocarp is hollow and is lined with a thin brown seed coat around 0.2mm (164in) thick. The fruit is adapted for ocean dispersal. ", "Coconut anaphylaxis: Case report and review", "Guidance for Industry: A Food Labeling Guide (6. However, the locations of the admixture events are limited to Madagascar and coastal east Africa, and exclude the Seychelles. Coconut oil has high world demand as an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps, hair oils, body oils and in food products and has surged in popularity because of its health benefits. Dried copra gives 60 to 67% oil and 33-40% oil cake. Virgin coconut oil is predicted to experience high demand from consumers with higher health consciousness and as well as aging population. Thailand has been raising and training pig-tailed macaques to pick coconuts for around 400years. [133], Coconut milk and coconut cream extracted from grated coconut is frequently added to various dessert and savory dishes, as well as in curries and stews. Spraying with wettable sulfur 0.4% or with Neem-based pesticides can give some relief, but is cumbersome and labor-intensive. These skilled, unpaid laborers can pick hundreds of coconuts daily. [144], Coconut sap, usually extracted from cut inflorescence stalks is sweet when fresh and can be drunk as is such as in tuba fresca of Mexico (derived from the Philippine tub). Based on color and size, younger coconuts tend to be smaller and have brighter colors, while more mature coconuts have browner colors and are larger. [4], Coconuts can also be broadly divided into two general types based on habit: the "Tall" (var. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Cocos-like fossils of fruits include "Cocos" intertrappeansis, "Cocos" pantii, and "Cocos" sahnii. While there is a concentration of coconut plantations in the coastal regions of the country, it is also grown in the hinterlands where the agro-climatic requirements of coconut cultivation are met. However, they can be eaten anytime after seven months 1, 2. In 2020, world production of coconuts was 62 million tonnes, led by Indonesia, India, and the Philippines, with 75% combined of the total (table). According to the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, the coconut and African oil palms have important roles in international trade as sources of vegetable oil and fat. Economic theory posits that economic welfare is the total benefit available to society provided by various economic transaction and situation (Economic Online, 2014). During germination, the embryo pushes out of the functional pore and forms a haustorium (the coconut sprout) inside the central cavity. Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut HarvestersM Bertrand; Science; Jan 1967. [158], In World War II, coastwatcher scout Biuku Gasa was the first of two from the Solomon Islands to reach the shipwrecked and wounded crew of Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 commanded by future U.S. president John F. Kennedy. Specimens have been collected from the sea as far north as Norway (but it is not known where they entered the water). [45], Modern genetic studies have identified the center of origin of coconuts as being the Central Indo-Pacific, the region between western Southeast Asia and Melanesia, where it shows greatest genetic diversity. Encyclopaedia Brittanica online. Some dried coconut is purely coconut, but others are manufactured with other ingredients, such as sugar, propylene glycol, salt, and sodium metabisulfite. there are a lot of untapped economic potentials in the Coconut industry which need to be . Copyright 2020 Deejay Coconut Farm Pvt Ltd | All Rights Reserved |, Scope for Coconut Cultivation and its National Importance, Four things you most likely didnt know about coconut hybridization. [4], The niu vai form is the domesticated form dominant in the Pacific coconuts. [166][167][168] Amphioctopus marginatus is the first invertebrate known to be able to use tools.[167][169]. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. The liquid of the nut, known as coconut water, is used in beverages. Domesticated Pacific coconuts, on the other hand, are rounded in shape with a thinner husk and a larger amount of endosperm. Some seasonal variation is tolerated, with good growth where mean summer temperatures are between 28 and 37C (82 and 99F), and survival as long as winter temperatures are above 412C (3954F); they will survive brief drops to 0C (32F). Bourke, R. Michael and Tracy Harwood (Eds.). It is also popular in Indonesia (where it is known as kopyor) for making beverages. They include morphotaxa like Palmoxylon sundaran, Palmoxylon insignae, and Palmocarpon cocoides. [48][49][50][51] The similarities of the local names in the Austronesian region is also cited as evidence that the plant originated in the region. [107] The annual rainy season known locally as khareef or monsoon makes coconut cultivation easy on the Arabian east coast. This ritual, known as niniyogan, is an offering made to the deceased and one's ancestors. They are considered a rare delicacy, as harvesting the buds kills the palms. It contains acids like ascorbic acid (a form of vitamin C), nicotinic acid (Vitamin B3 and vitamin PP) and riboflavin (vitamin B2). The edible white, fleshy part of the seed (the endosperm) is known as the "coconut meat", "coconut flesh", or "coconut kernel. Demand grew by 8 percent annually during 1993 to 2004. [136][137] In the Philippines, sweetened reduced coconut milk is marketed as coconut syrup and is used for various desserts. Virgin coconut oil is predicted to experience high demand from consumers with higher health consciousness and as well as aging population. All rights reserved. Three countries were chosen from the nine as focus countries for implementation: Guyana, Jamaica and Dominican Republic. A long handle made from some other wood may be inserted into the base of the bundle and used as a two-handed broom. [27][28] Endt & Hayward (1997) have noted their resemblance to members of the South American genus Parajubaea, rather than Cocos, and propose a South American origin. [27] They usually remain genetically isolated when introduced to new regions, making it possible to trace their origins. It can be eaten as food or used as medicine.
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